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Wednesday, September 05, 2007

Poem-Friendship


I wrote this poem myself:

FRIENDSHIP


Friendship is love,

Without friendship love means nothing!

Without friendship love is empty…

Without friendship love is boring...!

Friendship means sharing…

People learn to share from friendship,

Share everything they have in life,

Friendship is like stars,

Even though we always see them together

Always mean to each other…

But,

Sometimes they argue!

Friendship is like flower,

Soft but strong!

Friendship is like sun,

Bright and beautiful!

Friendship is everything in life,

Life without friendship is like life without air…

Life without friendship is like eats without food

And

Life without friendship is like body without soul…

Friendship is wide!

Anybody can be our friend,

Our parents, our grandparents, our sister, our brother and even our school principal!

Friendship….

Is everything!

Qistinazaini 4pa (0408)


Friendship


What is Friendship?

Friendship is a term used to denote co-operative and supportive behavior between two or more humans. This article focuses on the notion specific to interpersonal relationships. In this sense, the term connotes a relationship which involves mutual knowledge, esteem, and affection. Friends will welcome each other's company and exhibit loyalty towards each other, often to the point of altruism. Their tastes will usually be similar and may converge, and they will share enjoyable activities. They will also engage in mutually helping behavior, such as exchange of advice and the sharing of hardship. A friend is someone who may often demonstrate reciprocating and reflective behaviors. Yet for many, friendship is nothing more than the trust that someone or something will not harm them. Value that is found in friendships is often the result of a friend demonstrating on a consistent basis:
• the tendency to desire what is best for the other,
• sympathy and empathy,
• honesty, perhaps in situations where it may be difficult for others to speak the truth, especially in terms of pointing out the perceived faults of one's counterpart
• mutual understanding.
In a comparison of personal relationships, friendship is considered to be closer than association, although there is a range of degrees of intimacy in both friendships and associations. Friendship and association can be thought of as spanning across the same continuum. The study of friendship is included in sociology, anthropology, philosophy, and zoology. Various theories of friendship have been proposed, among which are social psychology, social exchange theory, equity theory, relational dialectics, and attachment styles.
Types of friendship
• Acquaintance
• Romantic friendship
• Soulmate
• Pen pal
• Internet friendship
• Comrade
• Platonic life-partner
• Friends with benefits
• Sexualized friendship
• Boston marriage
• Blood brotherhood
• Companionate love
• Intimate relationship
• Love
• Platonic love
• Romantic love
• Open relationship
• Roommate
• Spiritual
Friendship make prosperity more shining and lessens adversity by dividing and sharing it.
Cicero, On Friendship, 44 B.C.
Roman author, orator, & politician (106 BC - 43 BC)


p/s everybody has friend and need friend

DORAEMON = Television series

This is one of Doraemon series
Title: Animal Paper(Malay language)





Tuesday, September 04, 2007

DORAEMON



Doraemon is my favorite cartoon. I watched it from my age 7. I love the movies and also books. I
have plenty of them.

Doraemon is a Japanese manga series created by Fujiko F. Fujio (the pen name of Hiroshi Fujimoto) which later became an anime series and Asian franchise. The series is about a robotic cat named Doraemon, who travels back in time from the 22nd century to aid a schoolboy, Nobita Nobi. The series first appeared in December 1969, when it was published simultaneously in six different magazines. In total, 1,344 stories were created in the original series, which are published by Shogakukan under the Tentōmushi manga brand, extending to forty-five volumes. The volumes are collected in the Takaoka Central Library in Toyama, Japan, where Fujio was born.

Doraemon was awarded the first Shogakukan Manga Award for children's manga in 1982, and the first Osamu Tezuka Culture Award in 1997.

History

In December 1969, the Doraemon manga appeared simultaneously in six different children's monthly magazines. The magazines were titled by the year of children's studies, which included Yoiko (good children), Yōchien (nursery school), and Shogaku Ichinensei (first grade) to Shogaku Yonnensei (fourth grade). By 1973, the series began to appear in two more magazines, Shogaku Gonensei (fifth grade) and Shogaku Rokunensei (sixth grade). The stories featured in each of the magazines were different, meaning the author was originally creating more than six stories each month. In 1977, CoroCoro Comic was launched as a magazine of Doraemon. Original manga based on the Doraemon movies were also released in CoroCoro Comic. The stories which are preserved under the Tentōmushi brand are the stories found in these magazines.

Since the debut of Doraemon in 1969, the stories have been selectively collected into forty-five books published from 1974 to 1996, which had a circulation of over 80 million in 1992. In addition, Doraemon has appeared in a variety of manga series by Shōgakukan. In 2005, Shōgakukan published a series of five more manga volumes under the title Doraemon+ (Doraemon Plus), which were not found in the forty-five Tentōmushi volumes.

Plot summary

Doraemon is sent back in time by Nobita Nobi's great-great grandson Sewashi to improve Nobita's circumstances so that his descendants may enjoy a better future. In the original timeline, Nobita's failures in school and subsequently, his career, has left his family line beset with financial problems.

The stories are formulaic, usually focused on the everyday struggles of fourth grader Nobita, the protagonist of the story. Doraemon possesses a fourth-dimensional pocket from which he can produce all manner of futuristic tools, gadgets, and playthings from a future department store. In a typical chapter, Nobita comes home crying about a problem he faces in school or the local neighborhood. After Nobita's pleading or goading, Doraemon produces a device to help Nobita fix his problem, enact revenge, or flaunt to his friends.

Nobita usually goes too far, despite Doraemon's best intentions, and gets into deeper trouble than before. Sometimes, Nobita's friends (usually Suneo or Jaian) steal the gadgets and end up misusing them. However, by the end of the story, there is usually retribution to the characters who end up misusing them, and a moral lesson is taught.

Main characters

Fujiko's friends say that every main character represents elementary school student archetypes Fujiko noticed in his own school days.

Doraemon

Doraemon is the robot cat sent back in time by Sewashi to aid Nobita. Doraemon originally had ears but they were bitten off by a robot mouse back in the 22nd century. As a result, he developed a morbid fear of mice, despite being a robotic cat. He also has the tendency to panic during emergencies, characterized by him frantically trying to pull out a very much-needed tool from his pocket, only to produce a huge assortment of unrelated household items.He is very selfish and lazy and loves to sleep.

Of all the Doraemon characters, Doraemon is the only one to have physically changed since the manga began. At first, he was predominantly blue, with a blue tail, a white stomach, and flesh-coloured hands and feet. He also stooped, and had a body much larger than his head. In later issues, he had a smaller body, white hands and feet, and a red tail.

In "The Doraemons" story arc, it is revealed that Doraemon's original paint color was yellow. After getting his ears gnawed off by a robot mouse, he slipped into depression on top of a tower, where he drank a potion with a label having letters that resembled "sadness". As he cried for a long time, the yellow color washed off and his voice changed due to the potion. He was later greeted by his sister, Dorami.

Doraemon weighs 129.3 kg (285 lbs) and his height is 129. cm (4'3"). He is also able to run at 129.3 km/h (80.3 mi/h) when scared, and jump 129.3 m (424.2 ft) when threatened. He was manufactured on September 3, 2112 (12/9/3), at the Matsushiba Robot Factory.

Doraemon's favourite food is dorayaki a Japanese treat filled with red bean paste, which is often used to make Doraemon do things he is otherwise reluctant to do. Speculations led to dorayaki being the origin of his name. However, it was revealed in one of the manga that his name originates from a Japanese word for "stray cat", dora neko, and the -emon ending which is part of traditional Japanese names, as seen also in, for example, Ishikawa Goemon.

Nobita Nobi (Nobi Nobita)

Nobita is another main character of the series. He is a fourth grader in Tokyo and an only child. He wears glasses, a red or yellow polo shirt with a white collar, and blue shorts. Nobita's character flaws are endless. He is lazy, uncoordinated, dim-witted, frail, plain-looking, unlucky, and bad at sports. Nobita's normal day consists of arriving late to class, scoring zeros on his exam, getting yelled at by his teacher, being bullied by classmates Jaian and Suneo, falling into curbside rain gutters, being chased by dogs, and getting yelled at by his mom for refusing to do his homework. However, his flaws and struggles are what drive the storyline. Nobita does possess some unique talents such as his unrivaled marksmanship and string figure weaving. Although Nobita is frequently portrayed as being cowardly, he has a strong sense of justice and will sometimes risk his life to help save others or entire civilizations, which is shown in full-length stories. Nobita sometimes accidently or deliberately goes into the Shizuka's House Bathroom while Shizuka is having a bath.

Shizuka Minamoto (Minamoto Shizuka

Shizuka, usually called Shizu-chan or Shizuka-chan, is a smart and kind girl who is the object of Nobita's affections as well as his future bride. She bathes every morning, noon, afternoon, and evening, which leads to numerous accidental bath scenes. She is also known for taking piano lessons unwillingly, which is sometimes used as an excuse for declining to hang out with Nobita. Her true passions are sweet potatoes and the violin, in which her playing is as bad as Gian is at singing.

Takeshi Goda (Gōda Takeshi)

Takeshi, usually known by the nickname Gian (ジャイアン, Jaian) (Giant), is big, strong, and quick-tempered. His nickname might mean giant. He usually wears an orange shirt. He is known for his confidence in his terrible singing and cooking. He regularly subjects the neighborhood children to horrendous singing recitals, which is sometimes combined with his homemade dinner. Many of the stories revolve around Nobita and his friends' efforts to avoid Gian's concerts.

He also frequently steals other children's toys and books under the pretext of "borrowing" it, unless the toy is damaged. However, he still has a strong sense of justice and comradeship, and will not hesitate to help Nobita and his friends when they are in real trouble, which often occurs in the movies. Although he bullies the other children (mostly Nobita), he is terrified of his mother, who runs the local grocery store. He founded his own baseball team named after himself. Although Nobita is often blamed for the loss against the baseball team's rival, the "Tyranos", Gian and Suneo still force Nobita to play because they do not have enough players.

Gian has a younger sister named Jaiko, whom he adores.

Suneo Honekawa (Honekawa Suneo)

Suneo is the braggart who parades his material wealth in front of Nobita. He is often seen with Gian, who he bullies Nobita with; he actually hates Gian very much, so helping Gian to bully Nobita is probably to avoid suffering the same fate himself. Several stories start with Suneo showing off some new video game, toy, or electronic device his family has bought, or him needing Doraemon's help. He has an extensive knowledge of science, and he is a talented artist and designer. He also has a younger brother Sunetsugu who was adopted into his uncle's family in New York.

In some scenes, Suneo is seen as a narcissist who loves to stare at himself in the mirror while telling himself that he is the most handsome guy in the world. He is still a bed-wetter and needs to wear diapers when he sleeps, despite being in the fourth grade. He considers this as his secret weakness, and according to his mother, it is his only weakness.

Doraemon can take out various devices known as dōgu from his fourth-dimensional pocket. Some of the gadgets are based on real Japanese household devices with fanciful twists, while most are gadgets which are completely science fiction. (Although some may be based on folklore or religious stories). Examples of gadgets are one used to affect the outcome of fights on television or walk on clouds.

Thousands of dōgu have been featured in Doraemon. Some have placed the estimation at approximately 4,500 different dōgu used in Doraemon. It is because of this that Doraemon remains popular even among adult viewers.

Recurring Dōgu

Fourth-dimensional pocket

The inside of this pocket connects to the fourth dimension and acts like a wormhole. It is usually shown attached to Doraemon's abdomen. Doraemon has a spare pocket which connects to the same location.

Time machine

The exit of Doraemon's time machine is in Nobita's desk drawer. The time machine looks like a simple platform with a control console, and a clock with five hands overhanging the console. Doraemon is often seen piloting the time machine. Dorami has her own time machine shaped like a tulip, suggesting a variety of models available in the future. The time machine can create an exit in a specific place spatially as well as temporally. An alternative to the time machine is the time belt, which does not change the wearer's location relative to Earth. The presence of this machine is not known by Nobita's mother (The long story about robots from another planet attacking the earth, shows that when Shizuka took a robot girl to the time machine while Nobita's mother was cleaning his room, Nobita's mother could not understand what happened for the two girls have got into the drawer. A short story showing that when Nobita's mother wanted to punish him, he escaped by hiding into the drawer.)

Take-copter

One of the main modes of transportation for the various characters is the take-copter, which combines the words taketombo , taketombo lit. bamboo dragonfly, the Japanese name for the bamboo-copter), and part of the word herikoputā which means helicopter. The take-copter was also called the heri-tombo in early stories. The device is a propeller attached to a tiny suction cup which can be attached to enable flight. Ever since the first few Doraemon stories, the take-copter is seen attached to the head instead of the waist, similar to a propeller beanie, due to a mishap with Nobita's shorts. The take-copter has also been attached to objects to enable its flight. One of its disadvantage is its short battery life.

Moshimo-box

The moshimo-box is a pun based on the Japanese greeting used on the telephone moshi moshi, and the phrase meaning "what if", or moshimo. The device is a telephone booth where the characters dial a number and propose a "what if" scenario which alters the world. Nobita has wished for a world where money was not necessary, and purchasing an item meant receiving cash, and being robbed meant being forced to take cash, causing store clerks to force cash onto his hands upon attempting to purchase toys. Nobita has also wished for a world without mirrors, and for a world where lazy people who napped would be hailed as celebrities. But any situation caused by using this telephone booth may be reverted by using this telephone to make a phone call to request for "Reverting/Restoring to the original situation". This uses to be the ending of the story that mentions about the telephone booth.

Dokodemo door

One of Doraemon's most commonly used gadgets is the dokodemo door, a door which allows travel to anywhere by simply going through the door. In an early story, the door is able to travel to the end of the universe, but in later chapters, the door is said to only be able to travel a maximum distance of 100,000 light years and cannot access other dimensions. Another limitation of the door is that it can only safely connect two known locations in its mapping computer, which also has a limited range of information based on Time as shown in the movie "Nobita's Dinosaur."

Time Furoshiki

Another gadget often used by Doraemon, this is a cloth with two different coloured sides (in the anime, red and purple), with patterns of a clock over it. If an object is wrapped around with one face outward, it would reverse the flow of time in the cloth, causing the object to become newer. If wrapped around the other way, it would speed up the flow of time, causing the object to become older. It was first used by Nobita to turn old appliances to new appliances to make money, but its uses extend to do many other things, such as converting an object back to its starting material, repairing broken machinery, aging or de-aging people over a short time, restore Fossils over 10,000 years, etc.

Small light

Small light, is a lamp similar to a flashlight that will shrink objects and people to minuscule sizes. Its opposite is the big light which enlarges objects and people. Another tool that is used in a similar capacity is "Gulliver's Tunnel which causes a person to grow or shrink depending on which entrance he takes, however its ratio of shrinking and enlarging is fixed.

Pass Loop

A loop which creates a passage through a solid object such as a wall when placed upon it.

Air cannon

A gun barrel worn on the arm used to fire a powerful burst of air which can knock out the victim when the user says "bang". Later models, featured in the long manga and movies, are fired with a trigger.

Translation konjac

A piece of konjac jelly which enables a person to understand and speak any known language in the universe. The effect begins after the person ingests the jelly, but the duration of the effect is unknown. While the ones Doraemon uses are usually unflavored, in the story Nobita's Birth of Japan (のび太の日本誕生, Nobita's Birth of Japan), he used one labeled to be miso flavored, suggesting the existence of various flavors, which are more expensive.

Dress-Up Camera

A camera that uses a picture of clothing instead of film, and changes the clothes of the person in the viewfinder to the clothing in the picture. It may also be used with no picture or an incomplete picture, with embarrassing results. The story about Doraemon's four-dimensional dustbin shows that the damaged camera will make the person naked - While Shizuka used the damaged camera on Nobita, he turned naked. The camera is often used in the long stories and movies, where the gang must disguise themselves in unfamiliar places to avoid attracting undue attention, or to provide with a second change of clothes such as Bathing suits.

Other appearances

Doraemon is a popular character in Japan and can be seen in many places. For example, Doraemon is used as a promotional character by Art Hikkoshi Center by a removals company, and by Cocos, a restaurant chain. Doraemon also appears in appeals for charity, the "Doraemon Fund". Doraemon toys and novelties are also often found in Japan, with literally thousands of items for sale.

Doraemon, Nobita, and the other characters also appear in various educational manga.

There are nearly 50 Japanese only video games ranging from Action Adventure, to RPG games, that began with the Emerson's Arcadia 2001 system. For a complete list of these games see List of Doraemon media.

Doraemon is also mentioned in many manga and anime by other mangakas.

In a few episodes some characters from Shin Chan Are Issued in the episode revealing some of the TV show clips

SIBLINGS


These are my Siblings,
My older sister, Hamduna Zaini but i called her kakna. She is 18 years old, pretty but hot tempered. I have two younger sisters,
silmina zaini @ mimi (14 years old) and Syukrina zaini @ yin (12 years old). Both of them are beautifull.
I also have a younger brother name adil zaini
i called him adil. He is 8 years old, handsome and chubby (like me).

All my sisters and brother called me Qisti
also my father and mother.
Sometimes my mother called me adik...
he he he...

POEM


this poem is from my friend and i really like it, it is one of his favorite poem.
It makes me feel better when i felt sad or down.

The Journey

One day you finally knew
what you had to do, and began,
though the voices around you
kept shouting
their bad advice—
though the whole house
began to tremble
and you felt the old tug
at your ankles.
“Mend my life! ”
each voice cried.
But you didn’t stop.
You knew what you had to do,
though the wind pried
with its stiff fingers
at the very foundations,
though their melancholy
was terrible.
It was already late
enough, and a wild night,
and the road full of fallen
branches and stones.
But little by little,
as you left their voices behind,
the stars began to burn
through the sheets of clouds,
and there was a new voice
which you slowly
recognized as your own,
that kept you company
as you strode deeper and deeper
into the world,
determined to do
the only thing you could do—
determined to save
the only life you could save.


p/s thanks peter,

HAPPY BIRTHDAY MIEMIE(3 sept)










Selamat harijadi Miemie
Happy Birthday Miemie
Otanjoubiomedetougozaimasu, Miemie

Each year your birthday reminds me
That I really want to say
I’m very glad I know you;
I think of you each day.

I hope you enjoy your birthday,
All the pleasures it has in store,
And because I appreciate you,
I hope you have many more!

By Joanna Fuchs













Sunday, September 02, 2007

Sejarah Tanah Melayu & Kemerdekaan Tanah Melayu


Pada 31 Ogos 1957, Tanah Melayu telah mencipta sejarah apabila Tunku Abdul Rahman (Perdana Menteri Pertama Malaya) mengisytiharkan kemerdekaan Malaya dengan tujuh teriakan "Merdeka"pada hari yang bersejarah itu.

Penjajahan Malaya bermula apabila pada tahun 1509, Diego Lopez de Sequiera dengan 18 buah kapal dari Angkatan diRaja Portugal tiba di Melaka. Oleh kerana orang-orang Portugis membuat kacau di Melaka seperti mengusik gadis-gadis dan mencuri, disamping perselisihan faham, Sultan Mahmud Shah kemudiannya mengarahkan supaya orang-orang Portugis dihalau dari Melaka. Angkatan Portugis diserang dan 20 anak kapalnya ditahan. Tetapi orang-orang portugis membalas dengan menyerang Melaka. Melaka gagal bertahan dan jatuh ketangan Portugis. Dari itulah bermulanya penjajahan di Tanah Melayu.


Selepas Portugis, Tanah Melayu dijajah pula oleh British. British menjajah Tanah Melayu bermula dengan campur tangan british dalam hal ehwal Tanah Melayu. Campur tangan British dalam hal ehwal negeri-negeri Melayu telah membawa kepada pemindahan kuasa pentadbiran daripada Raja-Raja Melayu kepada pegawai-pegawai yang dilantik oleh pihak British untuk mentadbir dan menguruskan semua aspek pentadbiran negeri-negeri Melayu kecuali pengurusan agama Islam dan juga adat resam orang-orang Melayu.

Campur tangan ini kemudiannya membawa kepada penjajahan sepenuhnya negeri-negeri Melayu di bawah penguasaan British. Peneyrahan kuasa ini dibuat secara rela oleh Raja-Raja Melayu dengan hanya mendapat janji-janji palsu dan pemberian pencen kecil yang diberikan oleh Kerajaan British.

8 Disember 1941 semasa Perang Dunia II. Penjajahan Jepun bermula walaupun merupakan satu turutan pertempuran yang singkat tetapi sengit dan merupakan satu detik perubahan antara pemerintahan daripada orang putih (British) kepada pemerintah Jepun. Ini merupakan konsep baru yang tidak pernah terlintas dalam pemikiran orang-orang Melayu umum, pemerintahan oleh bangsa lain selain daripada mereka yang berkulit putih, sebelum ini.


PARTI KOMUNIS MELAYA

Parti Komunis Malaya yang ditubuhkan pada 20 April 1930 telah bekerjasama dengan pihak British untuk menentang Jepun melalui Tentera Anti-Jepun Rakyat Tanah Melayu (MPAJA) berdasarkan perjanjian yang dibuat pada 8 Disember 1940.

Menerusi MPAJA, bantuan senjata, latihan, kewangan, bekalan lojistik dan perubatan telah diperolehi dari British. Dalam tempoh 3 tahun kekuatan tentera MPAJA dianggarkan sebanyak 7,000 anggota dan tidak hairanlah apabila darurat berlaku pihak British dan anggota pasukan keselamatan terpaksa berhadapan dengan kesukaran menghapuskan sekumpulan tentera yang telah dilatih untuk berperang.

Selepas Jepun menyerah kalah, Parti Komunis Malaya telah mengambil kesempatan untuk berkuasa menerusi gerila-gerila MPAJA. Beberapa siri keganasan dan rusuhan serta pergaduhan antara kaum telah berlaku di Tanah Melayu, terutamanya di bahagian selatan Tanah Melayu. Akibatnya, orang-orang Melayu mulai bertindak-balas terhadap kekejaman anggota komunis Bintang Tiga, seperti pasukan yang diketuai oleh Panglima Salleh Selempang Merah. Kembalinya British dengan pentadbiran tenteranya (BMA) dalam tempoh yang singkat menyebabkan komunis Bintang Tiga tidak berjaya mengembangkan pengaruh mereka. Akibat kegagalan komunis Bintang Tiga merampas Tanah Melayu dengan gerakan bersenjata, telah membawa kepada persetujuan pembubaran tentera MPAJA dan perletakan senjata api disamping pembayaran saguhati kepada gerila-gerila terbabit.

Bagi meraih simpati, mengindoktrinasi fahaman komunis dan mendapatkan sokongan orang-orang Melayu, pihak Parti Komunis Malaya telah mengasaskan Parti Kebangsaan Melayu Malaya (PKMM) yang diasaskan oleh Ahmad Boestamam berfahaman kebangsaan dan Mokhtaruddin Lasso (MPAJA) berfahaman komunis pada 17 Oktober 1945. Parti Komunis Malaya telah menguasai Parti Kebangsaan Melayu Malaya melalui tokoh-tokoh jawatankuasanya yang terdiri daripada Mokhtaruddin Lasso (Presiden), Arshad Ashaari (bendahari), Rashid Maidin, Abdullah C.D. Parti Kebangsaan Melayu Malaya lebih cenderung bagi Tanah Melayu menyertai Indonesia bagi mendapat kemerdekaan pada 1949.

Terbentuknya Persekutuan Tanah Melayu pada 1 Februari 1948 merupakan kekalahan kepada Parti Komunis Malaya kerana golongan ini telah diketepikan oleh British. Parti Komunis Malaya telah menukar strategi dan mula mencetuskan kegagasan melalui mogok dan rusuhan. Pihak British bertindak balas dengan mengharamkan pemimpin politik daripada mengetuai kesatuan pekerja, dengan itu melemahkan kedudukan komunis Bintang Tiga.

Pihak komunis Bintang Tiga kemudiannya mulai mengangkat senjata dan beberapa siri serangan dan serangan telah berlaku. Bagaimana pun, insiden pada 16 Jun 1948 iaitu pembunuhan tiga orang pengurus estet berbangsa Eropah di Sungai Siput, Perak telah membawa kepada pengistiharan darurat oleh Sir Edward Gent. Apabila keadaan bertambah teruk, pada 12 Julai 1948, darurat diistiharkan ke seluruh negara. Parti Komunis Malaya telah diharamkan pada 23 Julai 1948. Seluruh angkatan bersenjata telah digerakkan termasuk Senoi Praaq bagi menentang komunis.

Akibat kesukaran dan kekurangan sokongan dari masyarakat, pemimpin Parti Komunis Malaya, Chin Peng telah meminta perundingan diadakan pada tahun 1955. Rundingan Baling ini yang diadakan pada 28-29 Disember 1955 tidak membawa apa-apa keputusan drastik. Ini disebabkan kerajaan menawarkan pengampunan dengan syarat Parti Komunis Malaya dibubarkan, tetapi Chin Peng pula meminta Parti Komunis Malaya dibenarkan untuk bergerak sebagai sebuah parti politik. Pihak kerajaan yang telahpun mencapai kemajuan dalam membasmikan Parti Komunis Malaya, dan menimbangkan kekejaman Parti Komunis Malaya terhadap rakyat sebelumnya, menolak usul membenarkan Parti Komunis Malaya dibenarkan bergerak sebagai sebuah parti politik. Tunku kemudiannya menegaskan kepada rakyat bahawa Parti Komunis Malaya bertindak menentang kerajaan sah yang telah dipilih rakyat dan merdeka daripada penjajahan British.

Tanah Melayu mencapai kemerdekaan pada 31 Ogos 1957 ketika darurat masih lagi berkuatkuasa. Pada 31 Julai 1960, darurat ditamatkan setelah ancaman komunis semakin berkurangan dan pengunduran mereka ke sempadan Tanah Melayu dan Thailand. Penempatan baru komunis di sempadan telah membolehkan mereka mengumpul dan memulihkan kekuatannya.

Selepas sekian lama dan atas kesedaran pucuk pimpinan Parti Komunis Malaya, maka pada 2 Disember 1989, Perjanjian Damai (Perjanjian Haadyai) telah ditandatangani di antara Parti Komunis Malaya dengan Kerajaan Malaysia dan Kerajaan Thailand. Perjanjian bersejarah itu telah menamatkan perjuangan bersenjata Parti Komunis Malaya selama 41 tahun dan mengembalikan taat setianya kepada Yang DiPertuan Agung dan patuh kepada Perlembagaan dan undang-undang negara.

Tanah Melayu sekali lagi dijajah oleh British,Edward Gent Penolong Setiausaha Rendah Tetap bagi Tanah Jajahan British telah mengumumkan cadangan penubuhan Malayan union. buat pertama kali di Parlimen United Kingdom pada Januari 1944. Wilayah-wilayah Borneo juga dimasukkan dalam rancangan yang asal tetapi pemasukan itu kemudian dikeluarkan daripada cadangan yang terakhir kerana merumitkan cadangan Union yang sudah cukup susah. Pada musim bunga 1944, Pejabat Kolonial menjemput Sir Harold MacMichael, untuk pergi ke Tanah Melayu untuk mendapatkan tandatangan daripda raja-raja Melayu. Sir Harold Macmicheal bukanlah seorang yang arif tentang Tanah Melayu, beliau tidak pernah berkhidmat di Tanah Melayu. Tetapi kerajaan British yang kerap menerima maklumat salah mengenai Tanah Melayu dan orang Melayu percaya bahawa Sir MacMicheal pernah berkenalan baik dengan beberapa putera-putera dari Tanah Melayu. Pada 3 September 1945, ketika pihak British sedang menjalani pendudukan semula di Tanah Melayu, Kabinet British memberikan kebenaran untuk dasar Tanah Melayu yang baru dan bersetuju dengan misi MacMichael.

Memperoleh tandatangan daripada sultan-sultan tidak sebegitu susah seperti yang dijangka. Mac Michael telah bertindak memaksakan sultan-sultan Melayu untuk menerima cadangan-cadangan pihak British dan tidak memberikan masa untuk baginda-baginda berunding dengan majlis masing-masing, malah Sultan yang enggan menandatangani perjanjian tersebut diugut akan digantikan dengan sultan yang lain di atas tuduhan bekerjasama dengan Jepun semasa Perang Dunia II. Pada 21 Disember, setiap Sultan atau Pemangku Raja telah memeterai perjanjian yang baru dengan Sir Harold MacMicheal. Bagaimanapun, sebilangan daripada sultan-sultan itu menyatakan keraguan terhadap syarat-syarat perjanjian itu, tetapi disebabkan oleh ugutan yang mendakwa pe baginda-baginda sultan memainkan peranan semasa pendudukan Jepun di Tanah Melayu telah memaksa sultan-sultan itu untuk merelakan Malayan Union untuk menunjukkan kesetiaan mereka kepada pihak British dan mereka juga bimbang akan kehilangan tahta. Tanpa disedari oleh sultan-sultan ini ialah semua perjanjian terdahulu yang mengakui hak kedaulatan sultan-sultan Melayu dimansuhkan. Dengan itu, kepura-puraan pihak British bahawa mereka ingin membantu sultan-sultan Melayu untuk memerintah dihapuskan.

Setelah menerima perjanjian-perjanjian itu, pihak British mendedahkan rancangan Malayan Union dalam suatu Kertas Putih pada akhir bulan Januari 1946.

MALAYAN UNION

Rancangan Malayan Union yang akan melibatkan Negeri-Negeri Selat, tetapi tidak termasuk Singapura, akan terdiri daripada Majlis Perundangan dan Majlis Mesyuarat Kerajaan yang diketuai oleh seorang Gabenor British. Sultan-sultan Melayu masih akan mengekalkan kedudukan masing-masing tetapi dalam bidang kuasa yang sangat terhad, iaitu berkaitan tentang agama Islam dan adat Istiadat orang Melayu sahaja. Sebaliknya pihak British akan terus memerintah melalui sebuah majlis penasihat yang diluluskan oleh gabenor Malayan Union. Kerajaan Malayan Union akan mengambil alih semua aset negeri-negeri Melayu, kecuali aset yang berkaitan dengan agama Islam dan harta peribadi sultan-sultan. Di Pulau Pinang dan Melaka yang tidak mempunyai sultan, Pesuruhjaya Residen akan menjadi ketua pentadbiran. Beliau diberi banyak kuasa dan hanya bertanggungjawab kepada Gabenor. Ini sekaligus menunjukan kedaulatan British di Tanah Melayu. Di mana pihak British bertindak mengawal semua perkara mengenai Tanah Melayu. Dan mereka lebih berkuasa berbanding sebelum pendudukan Jepun.

Skim Malayan Union juga mencadangkan undang-undang baru yang memberikan kewarganegaraan kepada semua orang yang dilahirkan di Tanah Melayu dan Singapura, serta pendatang yang tinggal di sana selama sekurang-kurang 10 tahun daripada 15 tahun sebelum 15 Februari 1942. Semua warganegara Malayan Union yang baru itu akan mempunyai hak-hak yang sama, termasuk penerimaan masuk untuk perkhidmatan awam. Akhir sekali, kewarganegaran Tanah Melayu diberikan kepada semua tanpa diskriminasi ras dan kepercayaan atau pun turut dikenali sebagai 'jus soli'.

Gerak balas daripada kaum Melayu

Bertentangan dengan jangkaan British, penduduk Melayu, yang biasanya bersikap lemah lembut dan sering boleh di arah untuk melakukan itu dan ini telah bangun bersama-sama untuk membantah skim yang baru itu. Komuniti Cina dan India juga tidak ghairah dan telah mengkritik sesetengah peruntukan yang terdapat di dalam kertas putih Malayan Union. Pemimpin-pemimpin Melayu dan pesara-pesara British daripada Perkhidmatan Awam di Tanah Melayu telah mengetuai bidasan terhadap rancangan Malayan Union, dan membidas MacMichael kerana menggunakan 'ugutan' untuk memperolehi persetujuan daripada sultan-sultan Melayu. Pegawai-pegawai ini bertindak meLobi Tanah Melayu di Parlimen antara bekas pegawai-pegawai Perkhidmatan Awam Tanah Melayu yang mengambil bahagian adalah Frank Swettenham, George Maxwell, R. O. W. Winstedt, Cecil Clementi dan Laurence Guillemard. Mereka turut menulis surat-surat kepada akhbar nasional dan untuk merayu kepada Perdana Menteri United Kingdom agar menghentikan usaha menukar status Tanah Melayu daripada negeri naungan kepada tanah jajahan. Kegiatan seumpama ini mewujudkan tanggapan bahawa terdapat tentangan yang hebat terhadap Malayan Union bukan sahaja daripada penduduk Tanah Melayu malahan daripada pegawai dalaman British sendiri.

Sultan-sultan Tanah Melayu juga telah terpengaruh oleh perasaan anti Malayan Union yang dianjurkan oleh pegawai-pegawai Melayu dan rakyat Melayu. ini mengheret baginda sultan untuk membantah secara terbuka terhadap cara yang digunakan oleh MacMichael untuk memperoleh tandatangan baginda-baginda untuk perjanjian baru itu. Sultan-sultan tersebut menolak rancangan Malayan Union dan cadangan untuk menghantar sutu perwakilan ke London untuk memansuhkan rancangan itu telah disuarakan. Bagaimanapun, sudut pandangan orang Melayu disampaikan dengan lebih berkesan selepas penubuhan UMNO atau PEKEMBAR yang telah muncul untuk menyuarakan bantahan Melayu terhadap Malayan Union.

Pihak British sangat terperanjat dengan perubahan sikap masyarakat Melayu. Selepas pendudukan Jepun orang-orang Melayu telah sedar bahawa pihak British tidaklah sekuat yang di sangka, ditambah pula oleh semangat untuk merdeka yang bertiup kencang dari tanah seberang (indonesia). Di atas kesedaran inilah Orang-orang Melayu telah bangun bersama-sama untuk menentang cadangan pihak British. Tindakan yang kemas telah dilancarkan melalui UMNO. Negeri-negeri Melayu yang selama ini terpisah dan tidak bersatu telah bangun bersama-sama, malahan sultan-sultan negeri-negeri Melayu juga turut bersama-sama bergabung dengan rakyat Melayu untuk menentang Malayan Union. Satu perkara yang tidak pernah terjadi di Tanah Melayu sebelumnya.

Perjuangan orang-orang Melayu tidak terhenti setakat itu sahaja, orang Melayu turut mengadakan ceramah-ceramah umum di seluruh semenanjung untuk menyedarkan masyarakat Melayu di kampung-kampung. Selepas menerima tekanan yang begitu kuat, pihak British yang masih ingin meneruskan Malayan Union mencadangkan satu jawatankuasa dihantar untuk melihat reaksi masyarakat Melayu. Ahli jawatankuasa tersebut telah terkejut melihat reaksi yang amat kuat dari orang melayu untuk menghentikan Malayan Union. di mana sahaja mereka pergi pasti disambut dengan ribuan umat melayu dengan slogan-slogan anti Malayan Union. Malahan mereka dan Gabenor Malayan Union ketika itu turut bersimpati dengan orang-orang Melayu. Pada akhir lawatan tersebut, ahli jawatankuasa terbabit telah mengambarkan sesuatu yang positif di dalam ucapan mereka. Ramai orang melayu dan UMNO sendiri yakin bahawa Malayan Union akan berkubur.

Penubuhan UMNO

Pada 1 Mac 1946, sebuah Kongres Melayu Seluruh Tanah Melayu (Pan-Malayan Malay Congress) diadakan di di Kelab Sultan Suleiman, Kuala Lumpur. Disertai oleh kira-kira 200 orang wakil Melayu daripada 41 buah persatuan, kongres itu membincangkan pembentukan gerakan nasional Melayu, serta kempen terselaras untuk menentang Malayan Union. Sebuah jawatankuasa dilantik untuk mendraf perlembagaan untuk penubuhan Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu Bersatu (UMNO).


Pada 1 Mei 1946, Kongres Melayu Seluruh Tanah Melayu Ke-2 diadakan di Johor Bahru. Dalam kongres itu, pembentukan UMNO diisytiharkan dan Dato Onn Jaafar, Menteri Besar Johor, dipilih sebagai Presiden pertama. Kongres itu juga mengisytiharkan bahawa perjanjian-perjanjian MacMichael tidak sah dan mendesak bahawa Malayan Union dimansuhkan.

Pelaksanaan Malayan Union

Meskipun penentangan orang-orang Melayu begitu hebat, kerajaan British enggan menarik balik pelakasanaan rancangan Malayan Union. Sebaliknya, kerajaan British mendesak bahawa Malayan Union dilaksanakan dengan segera supaya Pentadbiran Tentera British yang memerintah Tanah Melayu sejak akhir Pendudukan Jepun dapat dibatalkan.

Malayan Union diisytiharkan pada 1 April 1946 dengan Edward Gent merupakan Gabernor yang pertama. Bagaimanapun, penentangan terhadap Malayan Union adalah sangat kuat sehingga rancangan itu tidak dapat dikuatkuasakan dengan sepenuhnya. Malah pada majlis perlantikan Edward Gent sebagai Gabernor yang pertama majlis tersebut telah dipulau oleh sultan-sultan Melayu. Ia adalah kesan daripada tindakan orang-orang Melayu yang telah berhimpun di luar rumah tumpangan yang didiami oleh sultan-sultan Melayu yang ingin menghadiri ucapara perlantikan tersebut. Ketika itu Orang-orang melayu telah bertindak berkabung dengan cara melilit kain putih pada songkok. Orang-orang Melayu yang berkumpul itu telah menghantar wakil mereka iaitu Dato' Onn Jaafar untuk berunding dengan sultan-sultan agar turut memulaukan upacara tersebut. Melihatkan sokongan rakyat yang begitu kuat mempertahankan tahta mereka, telah menyedarkan sekelian baginda sultan untuk turut berjuang bersama-sama rakyat jelata untuk menggagalkan Malayan Union. Akhirnya,Malayan Union dibatalkan pada 1 Februari 1948 selepas itu untuk mengantikan Malayan Union yang telah gagal itu pihak British terpaksa menurut kehendak masyarakat Melayu yang bertindak melalui UMNO untuk mengwujudkan Persekutuan Tanah Melayu . Penggantian konsep Persekutuan Tanah Melayu yang baru itu dengan skim Malayan Union yang tidak popular dicapai, melalui perundingan antara pihak British, sultan-sultan Melayu dan UMNO.

Pembentukan Persekutuan Tanah Melayu merupakan suatu kemenangan untuk orang-orang Melayu tetapi disambut dengan kecewa oleh beberapa golongan-golongandi dalam etnik yang lain. Bagaimanapun, mereka yang menentang cadangan Persekutuan tidak mempunyai sokongan di Tanah Melayu sendiri. Serta lobi Parlimen dan penyokong-penyokong di London yang telah membantu dalam pembatalan skim Malayan Union.

MERDEKA !!!!!!!

Pada tahun 1954, Tunku Abdul Rahman mengetuai sekumpulan perwakilan ke London untuk memperolehi kemerdekaan Malaya. Bagaimanapun, percubaan sulung itu tidak berjaya. Pada tahun yang berikut, pilihan raya persekutan yang pertama diadakan. Parti Perikatan yang pada saat itu merupakan parti campuran UMNO dengan MCA memenangi 51 daripada 52 kerusi yang ditandingi. Tunku dilantik sebagai Ketua Menteri Malaya yang pertama. MIC yang mewakili kaum India kemudian menyertai Parti Perikatan pada tahun 1955.

Pada tahun 1955, Tunku membuat lagi satu perjalanan ke London untuk berunding tentang kemerdekaan Malaya. Pada kali ini, beliau berjaya, dan 31 Ogos 1957 diputuskan sebagai tarikh kemerdekaan. Sewaktu bendera British diturun di Kuala Lumpur pada hari kemerdekaan, Tunku mengetuai orang ramai untuk menyorak "Merdeka!". Gambar-gambar Tunku dengan tangan yang diangkat naik, dan perakaman-perakaman suaranya yang penuh emosi tetapi berazam mengetuai sorakan, kini merupakan lambang kemerdekaan Malaysia yang biasa.


Upacara Pengisytiharan

Pada 31 Ogos 1957 bertempat di stadium yang baru dirasmikan iaitu Stadium Merdeka, Kuala Lumpur telah menyaksikan peristiwa bersejarah bagi Tanah Melayu iaitu secara rasminya penyerahan pemerintahan Persekutuan Tanah Melayu daripada pemerintahan British kepada warganegara Tanah Melayu.

Hujan lebat yang turun sejak 3 pagi menyukarkan pergerakan dan sehingga 6.30 pagi, stadium masih belum dipenuhi oleh pengunjung. Ini menyebabkan upacara telah ditangguhkan selama sejam dan pengumuman majlis bermula kedengaran bukan pada pukul tujuh seperti yang dijangka tetapi pada pukul lapan. 2,000 orang tentera Persekutuan menumpang di sekolah-sekolah berhampiran stadium sebelum itu berarak dalam hujan dan tujuh batalion yang membuat perarakan ketika itu iaitu Rejimen Persekutuan, Skuadron Isyarat, Skuadron Jurutera, Tentera Laut Diraja Tanah Melayu, Tentera Laut Simpanan Diraja Tanah Melayu dan Askar Sivil Persekutuan.

Pada pukul 8, para media telah diberi pengumuman untuk bersedia dan semua peralatan kamera dan media ketika itu dipasang dengan perlindungan plastik atau pelapik kalis air lain di sekitar padang yang lembap. Kebetulan, hujan reda yang memungkin segala persiapan sebelum upacara bermula dapat dijalankan dengan mudah. Pengunjung bertambah ramai untuk menyaksikan upacara bersejarah ini.

Antara kumpulan pengunjung yang tiba di stadium adalah Kadet, Pengakap Laut (dengan pakaian putih, topi putih dan seluar pendek berwarna biru), Pandu Puteri (berpakaian biru muda), Pengakap (dengan kain skaf, berwarna merah dan emas, merah dan hitam, merah dan biru, merah dan putih), Pasukan Briged St. John's Ambulance dan Palang Merah British turut mengambil tempat di sisi stadium manakala kumpulan pancaragam dan pengawal kehormat berada di susur terowong masuk.

Kemudian, tetamu-temamu kehormat mula tiba Lord Chancellor dari England berpakaian yang sama seperti ketika dia menjadi hakim Mahkamah Tinggi Persekutuan. Pemangku Yang di-Pertuan Besar Negeri Sembilan merupakan Raja Melayu yang pertama berangkat tiba diikuti Tengku Mahkota Johor (dalam pakaian uniform tentera baginda) yang menggantikan Sultan Johor, Sultan Perak (berpakaian berwarna krim), Sultan Terengganu (berpakaian emas bersama merah gelap dan hijau), Sultan Kelantan (berpakaian emas pucat), Sultan Kedah (berpakaian biru dan perak) Raja Perlis (berpakaian emas), Sultan Pahang (berwarna merah senduduk dan dan perak) serta yang akhir sekali, baginda Yang di-Pertuan Agong yang berpakaian perang serta memakai keris yang baru. Setiap daripada baginda diiringi bunyi nafiri dan berdiri di bawah payung kuning keemasan sambil Yang di-Pertuan Agong berjalan ke tempat duduk baginda. Pengunjung stadium masih lagi berdiri apabila Duke of Gloucester masuk sambil diiringi Sir Donald MacGillivray. Dengan ketibaan semua tetamu diraja, upacara Pengisytiharan dimulakan.

Adikung Duke membawa peralatan perlembagaan yang menyatakan pengunduran daripada perlindungan British terhadap negeri-negeri Melayu dan kedaulatan terhadap Pulau Pinang dan Melaka. Raja-raja Melayu mula melangkah ke pentas dan Duke mengambil tempat di depan pentas sambil menerima hormat diraja sambil diiringi oleh Sir Donald MacGillivray. Ketika itu merupakan kali terakhir satu-satu upacara negara menyanyikan lagi kebangsaan British di Persekutuan Tanah Melayu. Kemudian, baginda Duke membacakan perutusan daripada baginda Ratu Elizabeth II akan pernyataan baginda yang mengalukan kemasukan Persekutuan ke dalam Komanwel dan mendoakan kejayaan negara ini.

Kemudian, Perdama Menteri Tunku Abdul Rahman bangun dari tempat duduknya dan menerima watikah perlembagaan sebagai lambang penyerahan kuasa pemerintahan sepenuhnya kepada Persekutuan Tanah Melayu. Duke mengambil tempat duduk dan Tunku mulakan ucapannya dalam bahasa Inggeris. Setelah Tunku mengucapkan penghargaan kepada Great Britain akan pertolongan untuk mencapai kemerdekaan, beliau mula membaca teks "Pengisytiharan Kemerdekaan".

Pengisytiharan itu disambut dengan laungan "MERDEKA" 7 kali sebagai Perdana Menteri Persekutuan Tanah Melayu yang pertama di hadapan 20 ribu rakyat Persekutuan Tanah Melayu dan Raja-rajanya serta perwakilan dari 30 negara-negara Komanwel dan negara-negara asing lainnya. Bendera Persekutuan Tanah Melayu telah dinaikkan dengan iringan Lagu Kebangsaan Negaraku yang buat pertama kalinya diperdengarkan secara rasmi dalam sebuah negara baru. Diikuti pula selepas itu dengan seruan azan sebagai simbolik lahirnya sebuah negara yang baru dan tembakan meriam seratus satu das.

Dengan bunyi nobat nafiri, Yang di-Pertuan Agong diiringi oleh Duke of Gloucester, berangkat pergi dari pentas diikiuti oleh pemerintah Melayu yang lain, Perdana Menteri dan Sir Donald MacGillivray. Kemudian, Doa Selamat dibacakan bagi memohon keberkatan dan keredhaan Allah terhadap sebuah negara yang baru dilahirkan

Dengan pengisytiharan itu, maka berakhirlah penjajahan Inggeris dan kuasa Baginda Ratu ke atas Persekutuan Tanah Melayu termasuk Pulau Pinang dan Melaka iaitu sejak lebih 170 tahun. Pada hari itu juga Pesuruhjaya Tinggi British terakhir di Persekutuan Tanah Melayu, Sir Donald MacGillivray dan isterinya telah meninggalkan negara ini dan pulang ke England.



NEGARAKU!


Buat kali terakhir GOD SAVE THE QUEEN dimainkan...


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